The Tree Philodendron, also known as Philodendron bipinnatifidum or Philodendron selloum, is a popular tropical plant known for its large, deeply lobed leaves and impressive size. With its unique appearance and easy-care nature, the Tree Philodendron has become a favorite among indoor and outdoor plant enthusiasts. This comprehensive guide will explore the origins, characteristics, care requirements, benefits, and common challenges associated with this fascinating plant.
Origins and Natural Habitat
The Tree Philodendron originates from South America, particularly from Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. It is a tropical plant that thrives in warm, humid environments. In its native habitat, the Tree Philodendron grows under the canopy of rainforests, where it can reach impressive heights of up to 15 feet, with leaves that can span up to 3 feet in length. This philodendron species is an epiphytic climber, which means it can grow on other plants or trees, using its aerial roots to cling onto surfaces for support.
Characteristics of the Tree Philodendron
The Tree Philodendron is admired for its distinctive appearance, which adds a touch of the tropics to any space. Some of its key characteristics include:
- Deeply Lobed Leaves: The leaves of the Tree Philodendron are large, heart-shaped, and deeply lobed, giving them a feathered appearance. The lobes are spaced in such a way that they create a beautiful and exotic aesthetic.
- Size and Growth Pattern: Unlike many other philodendron varieties, the Tree Philodendron has a more upright and bushy growth pattern. It grows slowly but steadily, reaching substantial sizes over time, especially if grown outdoors in a favorable environment.
- Aerial Roots: Tree Philodendrons produce thick aerial roots that emerge from the stem. These roots are often used by the plant for anchoring itself to other structures, like trees or rocks, as well as for absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air.
- Long-Lasting Leaves: The leaves of the Tree Philodendron are resilient and long-lasting. They can remain vibrant for several months, adding to the plant’s enduring appeal.
- Flowering: Though rare indoors, Tree Philodendrons can produce flowers when mature. These flowers are white or pale green, surrounded by a spathe, and are typical of the Araceae family. However, flowering is more common when the plant is grown outdoors in its natural habitat.
Ideal Growing Conditions
To ensure that your Tree Philodendron thrives, it’s essential to replicate its natural environment as closely as possible. Here are some key aspects of its ideal growing conditions:
- Light: Tree Philodendrons prefer bright, indirect sunlight. While they can tolerate lower light levels, too much direct sunlight can cause the leaves to burn. If grown indoors, placing the plant near an east or west-facing window is ideal. Outdoors, it should be placed in partial shade.
- Temperature: As a tropical plant, the Tree Philodendron thrives in temperatures between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost, as it is sensitive to cold.
- Humidity: This plant prefers high humidity levels, similar to its rainforest origins. Indoor growers can increase humidity by using a humidifier, misting the plant regularly, or placing a water tray nearby.
- Soil: Tree Philodendrons grow best in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. A potting mix designed for aroids, which often includes a blend of peat moss, perlite, and orchid bark, provides the ideal balance of moisture retention and aeration.
- Watering: The Tree Philodendron enjoys moist soil, but it is essential not to overwater, as this can lead to root rot. Water the plant thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, allowing excess water to drain away.
- Fertilizing: Regular fertilization is beneficial for Tree Philodendrons, especially during the growing season (spring and summer). Use a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer once a month to promote healthy growth.
How to Care for a Tree Philodendron
Caring for a Tree Philodendron is relatively easy, as it is a low-maintenance plant once its basic needs are met. Here are some essential care tips to keep your plant healthy and thriving:
- Pruning: Pruning is not essential for Tree Philodendrons, but it can help control the plant’s size and shape. Remove any yellow or damaged leaves at the base with clean scissors. If the plant grows too large, you can trim back some of the stems to encourage bushier growth.
- Repotting: Due to its large size, the Tree Philodendron needs repotting every 2 to 3 years, or when its roots outgrow the current container. Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the previous one and refresh the soil to provide new nutrients.
- Pest Control: Although Tree Philodendrons are relatively resistant to pests, they can occasionally be affected by common houseplant pests like spider mites, aphids, and scale. Regularly inspect your plant and treat any infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Support Structure: As the plant grows larger, it may require a support structure like a moss pole or stake to keep it upright, especially if it starts to lean.
- Cleaning Leaves: Dust can accumulate on the large leaves of the Tree Philodendron, reducing its ability to photosynthesize efficiently. Gently wipe the leaves with a damp cloth every few weeks to keep them clean and healthy.
- Winter Care: During the winter months, the Tree Philodendron enters a dormant period, and its growth slows down. Reduce watering and withhold fertilizer during this time, as the plant’s nutrient and moisture needs are lower.
Benefits of Growing a Tree Philodendron
Beyond its ornamental value, the Tree Philodendron offers several benefits that make it an excellent addition to any indoor or outdoor garden:
- Air Purification: Like many houseplants, the Tree Philodendron helps purify the air by absorbing pollutants and releasing oxygen, contributing to a healthier indoor environment.
- Aesthetic Appeal: The Tree Philodendron’s large, dramatic leaves and tropical appearance make it an attractive focal point in any room, adding a touch of the exotic to home decor.
- Low Maintenance: The Tree Philodendron is relatively easy to care for, making it a good choice for beginners and busy plant enthusiasts alike.
- Humidity Regulation: By releasing moisture through its leaves, the Tree Philodendron can help maintain humidity levels in a room, which can be beneficial for respiratory health and skin hydration.
- Psychological Benefits: Studies have shown that plants can have a positive impact on mental well-being, reducing stress and increasing feelings of calm. The presence of a large, beautiful plant like the Tree Philodendron can contribute to a soothing, relaxed atmosphere in the home.
Common Problems and Solutions
Despite being a hardy plant, the Tree Philodendron may encounter some common problems. Here are a few issues and how to address them:
- Yellowing Leaves: Yellow leaves are often a sign of overwatering. Check the soil moisture level and adjust your watering routine accordingly. Ensure that the pot has proper drainage to prevent waterlogging.
- Brown Leaf Tips: Brown tips on the leaves can indicate low humidity or underwatering. Increase humidity around the plant and ensure it is watered regularly.
- Leggy Growth: If the plant becomes leggy, it may be receiving insufficient light. Move it to a brighter location with indirect sunlight.
- Root Rot: Root rot occurs due to excessive moisture in the soil. If you notice a foul smell or blackened roots, remove the affected roots and repot the plant in fresh, well-draining soil.
- Pest Infestation: If pests like spider mites or aphids appear, isolate the plant and treat it with insecticidal soap or neem oil to prevent the spread.
- Slow Growth: Slow growth is common in the winter months when the plant is dormant. However, if it occurs during the growing season, it may be due to a lack of nutrients. Consider feeding the plant with a balanced fertilizer.
Propagation of the Tree Philodendron
The Tree Philodendron can be propagated through stem cuttings. Here’s a step-by-step guide:
- Choose a Healthy Stem: Select a healthy stem with at least one or two leaves attached.
- Make a Cut: Using a clean, sharp knife, cut the stem just below a node.
- Prepare the Cutting: Remove any leaves from the bottom part of the stem.
- Plant the Cutting: Place the cutting in a pot filled with moist soil or water. Keep it in a warm, bright spot, and mist it regularly.
- Transplant: Once the cutting has developed roots, it can be transplanted into a larger pot with standard philodendron soil.
Conclusion
The Tree Philodendron is a stunning tropical plant that brings a touch of the rainforest into your home. With its large, deeply lobed leaves, it adds visual interest and beauty to any space, while its air-purifying qualities and easy-care nature make it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced plant owners. By providing the right conditions and regular care, your Tree Philodendron can thrive and continue to impress for years to come.
FAQs
- How big does a Tree Philodendron grow?
- Tree Philodendrons can grow up to 15 feet tall in their natural habitat, but indoors, they typically reach about 5-6 feet.
- Can Tree Philodendrons be grown outdoors?
- Yes, Tree Philodendrons can be grown outdoors in warm, tropical climates. They thrive in USDA zones 9-11 and need partial shade.
- Is the Tree Philodendron toxic to pets?
- Yes, Tree Philodendrons are toxic to pets and humans if ingested. They contain calcium oxalate crystals, which can cause irritation and swelling.
- How often should I water my Tree Philodendron?
- Water your Tree Philodendron when the top inch of soil is dry. Typically, this is once a week, but it may vary depending on humidity and temperature.
- Do Tree Philodendrons require a lot of sunlight?
- No, Tree Philodendrons prefer bright, indirect light but can tolerate lower light levels. Avoid direct sunlight, which can scorch the leaves.
- How can I increase humidity for my Tree Philodendron?
- You can increase humidity by misting the plant, placing it on a humidity tray, or using a room humidifier.
